133-143

Articles

• Tarawneh, Mohammad, B.
• al‐Salameen, Zeyad
• Abudanah, Fawzi, Q.

Survey work was carried out in the region of Mushash Hudruj near the Jordanian- Saudi borders in 2004, 2005 and 2009. The finds of this project include a north Arabian inscription, a cairn, an animal trap, stone circles, flint mines and water harvesting systems. These features demonstrate that this region was utilized by pastoral nomads who depended purely on a mobile subsistence pattern, governed by the availability of pasture and water. This pattern of seasonal movement is still practiced by modern Bedouin who move mainly within the wadi system which have become the main areas of attraction for Bedouin since prehistoric times, and have played a major role in the survival of these groups and their flocks.

• History and Archaeology

• Αρχαιολογία

Bayir, Bedouin, Inscription, Hunting Trap, Wadi System

Corresponding author: Mohammad Tarawneh ([email protected]), We would like to thank al-Hussein Bin Talal University and The University of Sydney, Near Eastern Archaeology Foundation and Carlyle Greenwell Bequest for funding this project. We appreciate the cooperation of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan and its director general Prof. Ziad al-Sa'ad for his support. We are indebted to Dr. Alison Betts for her valuable comments and continuous support.

1. Abbadi, S. (1983). die Personennamen der Inschriften aus hatra, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim.Al-Eisawi, D. (1985). Vegetation in Jordan. Studies in the history and Archaeology of Jordan vol. 2, 45-57.Al-Hamawi, Y. (1977). Mu'jum Al-Buldan, Dar Sader, Beirut.Al-Khraysheh, F. (1986). die Personennamen in den Nabatäischen Inschriften des Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, Marburg/ Irbid.Al-Maqddasi, S. (1967). Describtio Imperii Moslemici. In Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum, M. J. Goeje (ed.), Brill, Batavorum.Al-Sudairi, A. (1995). The desert Frontier of Arabia, Al-Jawf through the Ages, Stacey International, London.Al-Theeb, S. (1999). (Nuqush Thamudiyyah mn al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyyah As-Sudiyyah, Maktabat al-Malik Fahad) (in Arabic), Riyadh.Al-Theeb, S. (2003). (Nuqush Safawiyyah mn Shamali al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyyah As-Sudiyyah, Musasat Abd Ar-Rahman As-Sidaiyri) (in Arabic), Riyadh.Ar-Rwsan, M. (1987). al-Qabail ath-Thamudiyyah was-Safawiyyah- dirasah Muqaranah, Jami’at al-Malik Sa’ud, Riyadh.Bender, F. (1974). Geology of Jordan, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.Clark, V. (1980). A Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan. Ph.D Thesis. University of Melbourne, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, Australia. Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, (1951) Pars quinta, Inscriptiones saracenicas continens, Tomus I, fasciculus 1: Inscriptiones safaiticae, Parigi.El-Mahi, A. (2007).Tethering stones in Al Madaibi, Oman: traps and paleoclimatic indicators. Adumatu, vol. 16, 37-62.Freeth, Z. and Winstone, H. (1978). Explorers of Arabia, From the renaissance to the end of the Victoria era, George Allen and Unwin, London.Harding, G. (1952). Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, E-J. Brill, Leiden.Harding, G. (1971). An Index and Concordance of Pre- Islamic Arabian Names and Inscriptions, Near and Middle East, Toronto.Healey, J. (2001). The religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus, Brill, Leiden.Hoftijzer, J. and Jongeling, K. (1995). dictionary of the North-west Semitic Inscriptions, E. J. Brill, Leiden.Huckriede, R. and Wieseman, G. (1968). Der jungpliestozane Pluvial- Sea von El Jafr und weitere Daten zum Quartar Jordaniens. Geologica et Palaeontologica, vol. 2, 73-95.Ibn Manzour, A. (1956). Lisan al-Arab, Dar Sader, Beirut.Jaussen, A. and Savignac, R. (1909- 1914). Mission archéologique en Arabie, (2 vols), La Societé des Fouilles Archéologiques, Paris.Kaizer, T. (2002) The religious Life of Palmyra, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart.King, G. (1990). Early North Arabian Thamudic: A preliminary description based on a new corpus of inscriptions from the Hisma desert of southern Jordan and published material. Ph.D Thesis, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, England.Koehler, L. and Baumgartner, W. (1995). The hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the old Testament, Brill Academic Publishers.Levy, T. and Alon, D. (1987). Settlement Patterns along the Nahal BeerSheva- Lower Nahal Besor: Models of Subsistence in the Northern Negev. In Shiqmim I, Studies Concerning Chalcolithic Societies in the Northern Negev desert, Israel (1982-1984). 1: 45-138, Levy (ed.), BAR International Series 356. B.A.R., Oxford.Littmann, E. (1943). Safaitic Inscriptions, Publication of Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria in 1904-1905 and 1909, Leiden.Maani, S. and Sadaqa, I. (2003). Two Hismaic Inscriptions from South-Eastern Jordan. dirasat, vol. 30, No. 3, 643-660.Mahasneh, H. and Gebel, H. (2008). The Eastern Jafr Joint Archaeological Project: the 2001 and 2006 Surveys in Wadi as-Sahab al-Abyad, Southern Jordan. Annual of the department of Antiquities of Jordan, vol. 52, 35-49.Musil, A. (1927). Arabia deserta, a Topographical Itinerary, American Geographical Society, New York.Negev, A. (l991). Personal Names in the Nabatean realm, Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, Qedem 32.Oxtoby, W. (1968). Some Inscriptions of the Safaitic Bedouin, American oriental Series 50, New Haven.Palgrave, W. (1865). Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and eastern Arabia 1862-1863, Macmillan & Co., London.Quintero, L. and Wilke, P. (1998). Archaeological Reconnaissance in the al-Jafr Basin, 1997. Annual of the department of Antiquities of Jordan, vol. 42, 113-122.Quintero, L. Wilke, P. and Rollefson, G. (2002). From Flint Mine to Fan Scraper: The Late Prehistoric Jafr Industrial Complex. Bulletin of the American Schools of oriental research, vol. 327, 17-48.Retsö, J (2003). The Arabs in Antiquity, Their history from the Assyrians to the Umayyads, Routledge Curzon, London/ New York.Rhotert, H. (1938). Transjordanien: Vorgeschichtliche Forschungen, Rohbogen, Stuttgart.Rolston, S. and Rollefson, G. (1982). The Wadi Bayir Paleoanthropological Survey. Annual of the department of Antiquities of Jordan, vol. 26, 211-219.Segert, S. (1976). A Grammar of Phoenician and Punic, Beck, München.Shatnawi, M. (2003). die Personennamen in den tamudischen Inschriften – eine lexikalischegrammatische Analyse im rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag.Stark, J. (1971). Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions, The Clarendon Press, Oxford.Tarawneh, M. (2007). Pastoral Nomadism in the Southern Levant during the Chalcolithic Period: New Evidence from Eastern Bayir. Ph.D. Thesis. The University of Sydney, Department of Archaeology, Australia.Tomback, R. (1978). A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages, Scholars Press for the Society of Biblical Literature, New York.Wallin, G. (1979). Travels in Arabia 1845 and 1848, Burlington Press, Cambridge.Wasse, A. and Rollefson, G. (2005). The Wadi Sirhan Project: Report on the 2002 Archaeological Reconnaissance of Wadi Hudruj and Jabal Tharwa, Jordan. Levant vol. 37, 1-20.Winnett, F. (1957). Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.Winnett, F. and Reed, W. (l970). Ancient records from North Arabia, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.Winnett, F. and Harding, G. (1978). Inscriptions from Fifty Safaitic Cairns, University of Toronto Pres, Toronto.